Nepal uses the Bikram Sambat (BS) calendar for fiscal years and tax reporting. Here's what businesses need to know.
Nepal's Fiscal Year
Fiscal Year: Shrawan 1 to Ashar 32 (roughly mid-July to mid-July)
Example: Fiscal Year 2082/83 runs from: - Start: 2082 Shrawan 1 (mid-July 2025) - End: 2082 Ashar 32 (mid-July 2026)
This aligns with government budget cycles and agricultural seasons in Nepal.
BS vs AD Calendar
Bikram Sambat (BS): - Nepal's official calendar - ~56-57 years ahead of AD - Used for all government and tax purposes
Anno Domini (AD): - International/Gregorian calendar - Used for international business - Many businesses track both
Accounting software for Nepal must support both BS and AD dates seamlessly.
Tax Reporting Deadlines (BS Calendar)
Monthly VAT Returns: - Due: 25th of following month - Example: Shrawan VAT due by Bhadra 25
Quarterly VAT Returns: - Due: 25th of month after quarter - Q1 (Shrawan-Ashwin) due by Kartik 25
Annual Income Tax: - Due: Poush end (mid-January) - For previous fiscal year
TDS Returns: - Quarterly, 25th after quarter end
Fiscal Year Numbering
Invoice and document numbering typically includes fiscal year: - Format: FY2082/83-0001 - Resets each Shrawan 1 - Sequential within year
This is mandatory for VAT invoices and helps track documents by year.
Challenges with BS Calendar
For businesses: - Different number of days per month - Leap year variations - BS-AD conversion complexity - International software doesn't support BS
Solutions: Modern ERP systems built for Nepal: - Native BS date support - Automatic BS-AD conversion - BS-based reporting - Fiscal year-aware invoice numbering
Month-End and Year-End Closing
Monthly Close: - Generate P&L and balance sheet in BS - File VAT return - Reconcile accounts
Year-End Close (Ashar 32): - Annual financial statements - Income tax return preparation - Audit preparation - Transfer to new fiscal year
NitiERP automatically handles fiscal year transitions, carrying forward opening balances and resetting sequences.
Software Requirements
Business software in Nepal must: - Display dates in BS - Accept BS date input - Generate reports in BS fiscal year - Handle BS-AD conversion accurately - Reset invoice numbers on Shrawan 1
Common Mistakes
- Using AD-only software in Nepal
- Incorrect BS-AD conversion
- Not resetting invoice numbers at fiscal year start
- Filing returns on wrong dates
- Mixing fiscal years in financial reports
Planning for Fiscal Year
Before Shrawan 1: - Close previous year books - Verify opening balances - Test new invoice numbering - Review previous year performance
During Shrawan: - Start fresh fiscal year transactions - Update fiscal year in all documents - Ensure systems are updated
Ready to simplify BS calendar accounting? NitiERP Accounting Software Nepal handles all fiscal year complexities, Shrawan–Ashad voucher resets, and IRD CBMS tax filings automatically. Book a Free Demo today.
नेपालीमा
नेपालले आर्थिक वर्ष र कर रिपोर्टिङका लागि विक्रम सम्वत (BS) क्यालेन्डर प्रयोग गर्छ। यहाँ व्यवसायले जान्नुपर्ने कुरा छ।
नेपालको आर्थिक वर्ष
आर्थिक वर्ष: श्रावण १ देखि असार ३२ (करिब मध्य-जुलाई देखि मध्य-जुलाई)
उदाहरण: आर्थिक वर्ष २०८२/८३ चल्छ: - सुरु: २०८२ श्रावण १ - अन्त्य: २०८२ असार ३२
यो सरकारी बजेट च क्र र नेपालमा कृषि मौसमसँग पङ्क्तिबद्ध हुन्छ।
BS बनाम AD क्यालेन्डर
विक्रम सम्वत (BS): - नेपालको आधिकारिक क्यालेन्डर - AD भन्दा ~५६-५७ वर्ष अगाडि - सबै सरकार र कर उद्देश्यका लागि प्रयोग
AD: - अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्यालेन्डर - अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय व्यवसायका लागि प्रयोग
नेपालका लागि लेखा सफ्टवेयरले BS र AD दुवै मिति निर्बाध रूपमा सपोर्ट गर्नुपर्छ।
कर रिपोर्टिङ समयसीमा (BS क्यालेन्डर)
मासिक VAT रिटर्न: - समयसीमा: अर्को महिनाको २५ - उदाहरण: श्रावण VAT भाद्र २५ सम्म
त्रैमासिक VAT रिटर्न: - समयसीमा: त्रैमासिक पछिको महिनाको २५
वार्षिक आयकर: - समयसीमा: पौष अन्त्य - अघिल्लो आर्थिक वर्षको लागि
आर्थिक वर्ष नम्बरिङ
इन्भ्वाइस र कागजात नम्बरिङमा सामान्यतया आर्थिक वर्ष समावेश हुन्छ: - ढाँचा: FY२०८२/८३-०००१ - हरेक श्रावण १ मा रिसेट - वर्ष भित्र क्रमशः
महिनाको अन्त्य र वर्षको अन्त्य बन्द
मासिक बन्द: - BS मा P&L र ब्यालेन्स शीट उत्पन्न - VAT रिटर्न फाइल - खाता मिलान
वर्षको अन्त्य बन्द (असार ३२): - वार्षिक वित्तीय विवरण - आयकर रिटर्न तयारी - अडिट तयारी - नयाँ आर्थिक वर्षमा स्थानान्तरण
NitiERP ले स्वतः आर्थिक वर्ष संक्रमण सम्हाल्छ।